The Literature is born in the thought of poets, and it shows itself in the from of prose and poems. What directs the human's thought and motivates him to think a bout a subject is the political’ social, and cultural condition of society because human is not separated from his society. Hardship, comfort, and dominant culture and happiness. A literary man or Poet, in flounced by such a condition, leads his thought period of Monogl and Teymour is one of the most effective period in the formation of literary subjects of this era.The particular domineering condition of society, Mongol culture, religious freedom, and Mongol's suppressions beliefs provided the helpful conditions to develop the mythical reflections. In this article it has been tried to study and investigate the Mongol period in order to identify (extract) the main reasons of mysticism development at that time.

During the Timurid period, celebrations were held on various occasions. Some of these festivals took place during Timurid expeditions in areas such as the Nagorno-Karabakh, the Anatolian Peninsula, or in the meadows near Samarkand. Although celebrations were common among most rulers, Timur used the festivities for his own political and military purposes, thereby increasing the combat effectiveness of his troops. In addition to increasing the fighting power of the army, Timur pursued other goals; the festivities were in fact a display of the greatness and authority of the Timurid government to the audience, especially to the ambassadors and rulers who invited them to these festivals. The study of how Timur used the festivities to increase the fighting power of the troops in the wars is the subject of this research, and the question arises as to what military and political goals did Timur pursue in holding the festivities? This question has been examined and answered with reference to historical sources. It seems that Timur did not look at the festivals as just a social tradition.

The primary dignitaries in Sohrevardi dynasty came from Sohrevard, a small city located between Zanjan and Hamedan cities, and after immigrating to Baghdad with the motivation to involve in science education and refinement; this dynasty emerged during 5th century A. H. at the city, gradually gaining fame for Sufism and science. The above mentioned dynasty lasted up to the early 9th century A. H. in Iraq and the Island where the descendants of the dynasty emerged. With the gradual spread of some of dignitaries throughout Islamic territories, there were descendants of the dynasty seen in Iran, Egypt, Syria, Transoxiana, and specifically India. The sources used for lineage have not mentioned the whole descendants in general. As for the attributed lineage, we are slightly aware that they were later generations of Sheikh Shahabuddin Omar Sohrevardi (236 A. H. ). Thus, it can be stated that some of the Sheikh's descendants and the subsequent dynasty members could sustain their lineage up to the latest century or at least were aware of their descent; nevertheless, the likelihood of the fake descent making of some of the late descendants is possible largely. The paper tries to investigate the names of the members and their descendants after an introduction of the dynasty, and then draw their family tree on the basis of the existing resources, and finally reveal the names of those claiming their descent from Sheikh.

Research and survey on the Islamic coins and their genesis in the Muslim World is considered as one of the known topics in the Islamic culture and civilization. From the early years of emergence of Islam, Muslims thought about coining. They minted some kind of coins but these coins were not formalized until the rule of Abdolmalek Marwan. He began to mint coins in the Muslim World for the first time and was followed by other Muslim Caliphs who paid much attention to coining. The Fatimid Caliphs were not exceptional, since they minted coins in various fashions. It can therefore be concluded that the coins minted by one caliph were different from what were minted by the other. The present article discusses the characteristics of the coins minted by each of these Caliphs respectively, and examines their innovations in this respect.

Algerdas Julien Garmas, one of the leading theorists of structuralist narratology, has presented a systematic theory of action model in character analysis, which is very flexible and has a greater capacity for story analysis than other models of theorists. In this descriptive-analytical study, based on library studies, an attempt is made to examine Garmas' pattern of action in the collection of short stories "Al-Shabab and al-Ghaniyat" by Mahmoud Teymour, a contemporary Egyptian writer, and a collection of short stories. "Talkh and Shirin" by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh, a contemporary Iranian writer. The aim of this study is to achieve the degree of conformity of these two effects with Garmas action pattern. The result of this research shows that the short stories of Mahmoud Teymour's "Al-Shabab and Al-Ghaniyat" and Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh's "Talkh and Shirin" are similar in terms of narrative system, small number of characters and multiple roles of actors, with the difference that In the stories of Mahmoud Teymour, the actors are only human,But in Jamalzadeh's stories, the actors are divided into two groups of human and animal characters, and in general, it can be said that the short stories of both authors are compatible with Garmas' theory of action.

Realism addresses and explores the truth in different approaches. These approaches involve expressing details, accurate analysis of society and illustrating personality in combination with social environment. Mahmoud Teymour and Jamalzadeh are establishers of Arab and Persian storytelling.They were writing most of their stories in the form of realism.In this paper, we first discuss about the biography of Mahmoud Teymour and Jamalzadeh and their position in Arab and Persian story literature, then we argue about their similarities and differences realism approaches. Then we explain their dominant realism approach and attitude.This envestigation looks for the similarities and diffrences in their realism approach considering the American school of comparative the literature as a comparative research approach.

Sohrewardiyeh is one of the important dynasties of Sufism about which no proper and independent research has been done so far. In this research, we have studied this school of thought with a descriptive-analytical method.This Sharia-based sect, whose most influential sheikh is Shahab al-Din Omar Sohrewardi, was formed in Baghdad, and due to factors such as the training of great disciples, the emphasis of some elders on the migration of disciples, the cooperation of governments, and the emphasis on Sharia, in a short time penetrated many places, including India, Persia, and Kashan. After Shahab al-Din and Bahaullah al-Moltani, Sohrewardiyeh split into numerous factions and merged with Qalandar, as well as Shiism, and was weakened because of various reasons such as the tendency of some elders to Qalandar and the migration of many of them from Baghdad.

The Kalantaran Dynasty of Behbahan and Kohgiluye, known as “Mirzayan-e Tabatabaie” was one of Fars'' local governments which ruled for seven centuries and had great roles in outstanding historical events of the region, although our information about this dynasty includes the period of the late Safavids up to the late Qajars. However, researchers have not yet researched effectively on this historical matter and the chronology of the dynasty is not clear. Some historical events which occurred in the period of one ruler have repeatedly related to another one from different family. Even the famous historian such as Mirza Hassan Fasaie cannot be considered as an exception. In the present essay, the author tries to propound a brief report of the dynasty’s rulers and important events on this period. He is going to arrange the pieces of this historical puzzle chronologically.

As understood from the title of this article, there has been a focus on the relations between Iran and China in the first half of A.H 9th/A.D 15th century and its influence on Iranian miniature. Being an historian, using a historical method and viewpoint, and invoking historical sources, the author has attempted to provide an answer for the following question: What were the conditions and historical trends involving the influence of Chinese painting on Iranian miniature in Timurid dynasty.Hypothesis indicates Iranian miniature and its connections with motifs and contents of Chinese painting. Since the early Timurid Sultans, the Persian miniature in its relation with the Chinese painting had a revolutionary trend from imitation, exercising, correction, and completion to the naturalization.

This article studies the roots of the dispute between the Sām dynasty and the central Kayanian government in Balkh (the old mythical reign of Persia). Although in Shahnameh, the Sām dynasty is presented as hostile to the Zoroastrian beliefs, and their opposition to Gushtāsp’s rule appears to be due to religious motives, the existence of political unrest in the Sistān region suggests that the conflict between the Sām family and the house of Gushtāsp is rooted in political issues, and the religious conflict is also a part of this political conflict. This means that if the demand for political independence and power had not been raised in the emirate of Sistān, religious differences could not have caused the marshaling of the two dynasties, whose conflict is reflected in significant parts of the national epic, especially in the story of Rostam and Esfandiyar.